Climate signals.
Read the direction.
See the acceleration.
Climate change is not one number and not one simple exponential curve. The important question is whether independent parts of the Earth system are changing together — and whether some of them are changing faster.
Different measurements. The same direction.
A single hot year is not the whole story. The climate signal becomes much stronger when temperature, ocean heat, sea level, greenhouse gases and the cryosphere move consistently over time.
Human-induced warming
Estimated human-caused warming in 2025 relative to 1850–1900. Recent estimated rate: about +0.27°C per decade.
Global temperature
WMO consolidated estimate for 2025. The years 2015–2025 are the eleven warmest years in the observational record.
Ocean heat
Global ocean heat content remained at record levels in 2025. The ocean stores most of the excess heat in the climate system.
Global mean sea level
Satellite-observed mean rise since 1999. The long-term direction is clear and the measured rate has increased.
Sea-level acceleration
The measured rate increased from about 2.92 mm/year in 1999–2009 to 3.82 mm/year in 2015–2025.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Latest consolidated WMO global annual value for 2024, continuing the long-term rise in greenhouse gas concentration.
Earth energy imbalance
The difference between incoming and outgoing energy has reached the highest level in the 65-year observational record reported by WMO.
Ice and glaciers
Glaciers continue to lose mass and Arctic annual sea-ice extent was at or near record-low levels during 2025.
Not one exponential curve. But real acceleration.
Global temperature does not follow one perfect exponential equation. Natural variability, aerosols, oceans, ice and feedback processes interact on different timescales. But important parts of the Earth system show measurable changes in rate — especially sea level and heat accumulation.
Why one signal can reinforce another.
Climate change is not a set of isolated measurements. Greenhouse gases, planetary energy, ocean heat, ice loss and sea-level rise are physically connected.
Greenhouse gases rise
Increasing concentrations alter the balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing heat.
Energy accumulates
More energy remains in the Earth system than leaves it, creating a persistent energy imbalance.
Oceans store heat
The ocean absorbs most of the excess heat, affecting temperatures, circulation and marine ecosystems.
Ice loses mass
Glaciers and ice sheets respond to sustained warming across land, atmosphere and ocean.
Sea level rises
Thermal expansion and melting land ice combine to raise global mean sea level.
Climate Signals uses authoritative observations.
Stadia Vitae does not create climate measurements. This page brings together indicators published by international scientific and observational programmes.
State of the Global Climate and global greenhouse-gas observations.
Open WMO →Global Climate Highlights, temperature, sea level and ocean indicators.
Open Copernicus →Indicators of Global Climate Change, including updated human-induced warming estimates.
Open IGCC →Independent Earth indicators and long-term observational context.
Open NASA →Understanding a stage means understanding where it is moving.
Climate Signals applies the same Stadia question to the Earth system: not only where are we now, but what is changing, in which direction, and at what speed?
Different datasets use different baselines and methodologies. Annual values should be interpreted in the context of long-term trends.